What is multi-factor authentication?

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) (also known as two-factor authentication or two-step verification) is a security measure that requires anyone logging into an account to navigate a two-step process to prove their identity. MFA makes it twice as hard for criminals to access an online account and obtain personal or financial information. It’s an easy protective measure that increases your security, whether it’s for your social media accounts or online banking.

How does multi-factor authentication work?

By adding a step when logging into an account, multi-factor authentication greatly increases the security of your account. Here’s how it works: Just like logging into your account, the first step is giving your password or passphrase. The second step is to provide an extra way of proving your identity, like entering a PIN, texting/emailing a code to your mobile device, or accessing an authenticator app.

What does multi-factor authentication include?

There are various ways online organizations implement two-factor authentication. Some of the most common methods include PIN or verification codes, security questions, or biometrics—below is a list of popular types of multi-factor authentication by security strength:

• Least secure: SMS codes (susceptible to SIM swapping), email codes, security questions
• More secure: Authenticator apps (e.g., Google Authenticator, Microsoft Authenticator)
• Most secure: Hardware security keys or tokens, biometrics

What type of accounts offer MFA?

Not every account offers MFA, but it’s becoming more popular. It’s seen on many accounts that usually hold either valuable financial or personal information, like banks and financial institutions, online stores, or social media platforms. Any place online that is storing your personal information (especially financial information) or any account that can be compromised and used to trick or defraud someone else should be protected with MFA. You should use MFA everywhere you can!

What are the pros and cons of multi-factor authentication?

Multi-factor authentication was introduced to make it harder for hackers to access systems or applications and protect users from fraud. While the benefits outweigh the drawbacks, there are cons to multi-factor authentication. The downside is that some users often forget answers to security questions or may lose their tokens. Below are some additional pros and cons of MFA:

Tips to manage MFA

Multi-factor authentication can add a layer of friction to your login process, but with a few smart habits, it doesn’t have to be a hassle. Consider using an authenticator app like Google Authenticator or Microsoft Authenticator rather than relying on SMS codes, which can be less secure. A password manager that supports MFA token storage can streamline logins across devices.

It’s also important to store backup codes in a secure place—either a password manager or a location you trust—so you’re not locked out if you lose your phone. And whenever possible, avoid using the same device for both logging in and approving the MFA prompt. This small step adds another layer of protection in case your device is lost or stolen.

What to do if you lose access

Losing access to your MFA method—like a lost phone or deleted authenticator app—can be stressful, but there are usually ways to regain entry into your accounts. Most platforms offer backup options, such as recovery codes, backup phone numbers, or email-based recovery. It’s crucial to set these up ahead of time in your account security settings. If you didn’t save your backup codes or enable recovery options, you may need to go through an identity verification process with the account provider, which can take time and might require additional documentation. Planning ahead can make this process much smoother and prevent lockouts.

Is MFA enough on its own?

While multi-factor authentication is one of the most effective ways to protect your accounts, it shouldn’t be your only line of defense. Strong, unique passwords are essential, and using a password manager can help you create and store them more securely. Regularly updating your software and being cautious about phishing attempts are also key habits for maintaining your online safety. Combined with good cybersecurity practices, MFA becomes part of a well-rounded defense strategy.

Bottom line

Multi-factor authentication is one of the simplest yet most powerful tools to protect your digital identity. By requiring more than just a password to verify your identity, it significantly reduces the risk of falling victim to hackers or data breaches. Whether you’re protecting your bank accounts, email, or social media, enabling MFA is a proactive step that adds peace of mind. And while it may take a few extra steps to log in, the added security is well worth it.